Young Soccer Players And The Stages Of Learning

When a new skill is learned there are three stages ofplayers on how well they are performing the
the development, the mental, practice and automatictechnique.
stage.For example, when under 6's practice dribbling just
Throughout these three stages your input into thekeeping the ball close is a major battle, any
learning cycle will differ according to the phase theadjustments they make can often lead to the ball
player is in.being toe poked away even further!
The Mental StageBut as the young players see the ball moving away
When a player first learns a new skill their key goal isfrom them, and make small jumpy movements to
to understand what to do to perform the techniquekeep the ball under control, all of the feedback signals
correctly. They draw upon all of their awareness towill be computing and assisting in their development.
search for information to map the correct technique.Coaching in the Practice Stage
It's more about internalizing "mentally" the physicalObservation, accurate feedback, encouragement and
technique of what's to be done. The mental map ispraise are all key skills during this phase.
made from previous activities, similar actions andVery young players will need more feedback
looks, visual input as the player attempts to makewhereas youth players should be able to self analyse
neural connections so that their physical body cantheir performance; some well structured questions
perform.can also assist.
Coaching during the Mental StageThe Automatic Stage
Patience is the key. Some players will make theAs practice continues so the players become far
connections a lot quicker and will be able to performmore proficient at the technique; this then frees up
the technique sooner than others.some mental capacity to take the learning even
Only key information should be given to the playersfurther.
at this stage as there is a tendency for player toThis is why some techniques lend themselves to a
become overwhelmed with information if they arechaining type coaching method, or when using a
given too much instruction.functional phase practice and build it through to
Visual indicators are very important during thisextended play.
development phase, which is why we encourage youPlayers in the automatic stage know when they have
to demonstrate new techniques and skills.made mistakes and also have the knowledge
The Practice Stageinternally on how to put things right without much
The next phase of mastering a technique is to haveinput from the coach.
a go.However, complacency can creep in, so to can
There is some overlap with the mental stage here asover-analyzing a technique which can be harmful to
the players will be having a go at the technique, butperformance.
they will still be making mental connections as theCoaching in the Automatic Stage
neural paths start to give information too.Rather than coaching specifics, the coaches duty
Refinement is the key here and so the morenow shifts to present more challenging situations to
opportunities that the players have to execute thepractice the technique and develop it into a full
skill the better.functioning skill.
As players practice the errors they make shouldRefinement is the key to develop truly magnificent
start to reduce over time as the sensory, visual andplayers.
touch functions will start to give feedback to the