A Glossary of Soccer Terms, Definitions, and Terminology

Like every sport, soccer has its own uniqueIndirect Free Kick: A free kick which requires a touch
vocabulary, derived from years of history andon the ball by a second player before a goal may be
tradition. Some soccer terms are familiar, others are ascored, awarded as a result of a technical or
bit more obscure.non-penal infraction.
Added Time: Playing time added to the end of a halfJumping: The act of leaving the ground under one's
to compensate for playing time lost to injuries,own power by leaping. If directed at an opposing
substitutions, time-wasting, or other any other causeplayer in an unfair manner to prevent the opponent
for which the referee deems appropriate. Also calledfrom making a play on the ball, it is a penal foul.
"stoppage time"or "injury time."Keeper: A goalkeeper.
Advantage: A decision by the referee to allow playKicking: A penal foul consisting of unfair contact
to continue, despite witnessing an act of foul play,against an opponent by means of the foot or leg.
when doing so would benefit the fouled team.Kick-off: The means of starting a half, or restarting
AR: An assistant refereethe game following a goal, taking place from the
Assistant Referee: An official positioned along themiddle of the center circle.
touch line, who communicates with the referee byKicks from the Mark: A method of obtaining a result
means of a flag signal; formerly called a "linesman."following a draw, where the rules of the competition
Attacker: A player who is in the opposing half of therequire a winner, consisting of a series of penalty
field; or any player whose team is in possession ofkicks.
the ball.Misconduct: An act deemed by the referee to be
Backpass: The common name for the technicalunsporting, reckless, violent, or flagrantly in violation
offense of a keeper handling the ball following aof the laws and spirit of the game, and punishable by
deliberate kick or throw-in to him by a teammate,a caution (and yellow card) or a send-off (and red
punishable by an indirect free kick.card).
Caution: A formal warning by the referee to a playerOffside Line: An imaginary line signifying the furthest
or substitute whose behavior or play has becomepoint down field that an attacker may be without
unacceptable, signified by the display of a yellow card.risk of being penalized for being offside.
Center Circle: A circle in the middle of the fieldOffside Offense: The act of participating in play from
marking the ten-yard radius from spot of a kick-off.an offside position. Also called "offside infraction."
Charging: Bodily contact undertaken against anOffside Position: A position in the attacking half of
opponent in order to win or obtain possession of thethe field in which a player is closer to the opposing
ball. If done unfairly, it is a penal foul.goal than (a) the ball, as well as (b) the next-to-last
Club Linesman: A non-neutral official, pressed intodefender.
service on one of the touchlines due to the absenceObstructing: The act of physically obstructing or
of a qualified assistant referee, and asked to signalimpeding the progress of an opponent. Also known
when the ball goes out of play.as "impeding."
Coach: The team official allowed along the sidelines,Outside Agency: Any force acting on or influencing a
who is entitled to pass tactical advice and instructionmatch which is not part of game, or part of the
during the match; sometimes called the manager.physical field.
Competition Authority: The organizing league orPenal Foul: An infraction resulting in a direct free kick;
agency which is organizing a soccer competition.often called simply a "foul."
Corner Arc: A one-yard quarter circle from the cornerPenalty Arc: The marked arc extending outside the
of the field, marking the spot for a corner kick.boundary of each penalty area, marking 10 yards
Corner Kick: The restart of play occurring when thefrom the penalty spot.
ball passes over the end line after last being touchedPenalty Area: The marked area around each goal,
by a defender.measuring 18x44 yards, within which the defending
CR: The referee (or "center referee").keeper has the privilege of handling the ball, and inside
Dangerous Play: A technical foul, consisting of any actwhich a penal foul by the defensive team will result in
considered by the referee to be dangerous to ana penalty kick.
opposing player.Penalty Kick: A direct free kick from the penalty
Defender: A player on his own half of the field; or aspot, pitting the attacker taking the kick directly
player whose team is not in possession of the ball.against the defending keeper; sometimes called a
Direct Free Kick: A free kick from which a goal may"spot kick."
be scored, awarded as a result of a penal foul.Penalty Spot: The marked spot 12 yards from the
Dissent: A form of misconduct consisting ofmiddle of each goal, from which penalty kicks are
protesting a call by any of the officials, punishable bytaken.
a yellow card.Persistent Infringement: The misconduct of
Dropped Ball: A means of restarting play after acontinuous or repeated foul play, punishable by a
stoppage caused by something other than anyellow card.
offense by a player. Also called a "drop ball."Pitch: Another name for the soccer field.
End Line: The boundary line at each end of the field,Player: A competitor at a soccer game.
upon which each set of goals rests. Also called aPushing: A penal foul resulting from the unfair use of
"goal line" or "bi-line."the arms or body to push, shove, or otherwise force
Extra Time: The additional period or periods of playan opponent into changing position or direction.
to obtain a result at the end of a match that ends inRed Card: The misconduct card shown to a player
a draw, usually during the later stages of tournamentwho is being sent off either for a serious act of
play where the match requires a winner.misconduct, or for receiving a second caution.
Free Kick: A kick awarded to a team due to anReferee: The match official responsible for
infraction committed by the opposing team, freesupervising and controlling a soccer match; also called
from interference by the opponents.a "Center Referee" or "CR." Often called other
Fourth Official: An extra official appointed by thenames, as well.
competition authorities to assist at the match andRestart: Any method of resuming the game after a
serve as a substitute official for the referee orstoppage of play.
assistant referee.Result: The final outcome of a soccer match,
Game Report: The official account of a match,whether a draw, or a victory by the team scoring
including the score and any misconducts issued,the greater number of goals.
prepared by the referee.Send-off: The dismissal of a player following the
Goal: (1) The targets of both teams, consisting ofdisplay of a red card, either for a serious act of
two uprights and a crossbar, placed at the end linemisconduct or for receiving a second caution in the
on opposite ends of the field and defended by eachsame match.
respective team. (2) A score, occurring when the ballSerious Foul Play: A misconduct, often violent, which
passes entirely over the end line and into the goal.consists of the clearly disproportionate use of
Goalkeeper: The player on each team designated asphysical force against an opponent during a contest
the one entitled to handle the ball inside its ownfor the ball on the field, and while the ball is in play.
penalty area and required to wear a distinct jersey,Spitting: A penal foul, consisting of the deliberate
different from the rest of the team.attempt to direct bodily fluid from the mouth onto
Goal Line: The end line; usually, the end line betweenthe person of someone else. It is also an act of
the goal posts.misconduct, punishable by a red card.
Goal Posts: The physical boundaries of the goal,Striking: A penal foul, most often resulting from the
usually made of metal or wood; often described byunfair use of the hands or body to hit an opposing
their components, consisting of a cross bar, and twoplayer, or to hurl an object that strikes an opposing
upright posts.player. If done intentionally, it is usually a misconduct,
Half-time: The interval of time between the end ofoften a form of violent conduct.
the first half, and the beginning of the second half ofStoppage Time: Playing time added to the end of
a soccer game.each half at the discretion of the referee to
Half-way Line: The physical line marking the center ofcompensate for lost playing time; see "Added Time."
the field extending from one touchline to the other.Substitute: A non-participating player along the
Handball: Another name for "handling."sidelines, who is eligible to replace a player on the
Handling: A penal foul, consisting of the deliberate usefield.
of the arm or body to control the ball. A goalkeeperTackle: An attempt to obtain possession of the ball
cannot be guilty of handling the ball inside his ownby using the feet. If a tackle results in contact with
penalty area.an opposing player before contact is made with the
Holding: A penal foul, consisting of unfairly hindering orball, it is a penal foul.
restraining the progress of an opponent, usually byThrow-in: The method of restarting play after the ball
means of the arms or hands.has gone out of bounds over a touch line.
Impeding: The act of physically obstructing orTouch Line: The boundary lines marking each sideline
impeding the progress of an opponent. Also knownof the field.
as "Obstructing."Tripping: The penal foul of tripping an opponent.